Jan 5, 2024 ⋅ 6 min read
Synthetix (SNX) is a decentralized synthetic asset issuance and liquidity protocol that allows users to trade synthetic cryptocurrencies. Each synthetic asset tracks the price of an external asset through the use of Chainlink, Pyth, or Uniswap V3 TWAP oracles. Users can either trade in spot or in perpetual futures markets for synthetic assets. SNX is the native protocol token, responsible for governance as well as the primary collateral that backs the liquidity of the network. SNX can be staked as collateral for sUSD, the Synthetix stablecoin, which can be traded on Synthetix for any other synth (sAsset). Synthetix V2x is live on Ethereum and Optimism, and V3 launched on Base in Q4 2023. Synthetix Perps is the protocol’s leading product. The DAO uses a novel V3 Governance Module (V3GM), which has councils of appointees voted on by SNX holders.
The return of the bull market brought demand for perps trading, even without incentives. Synthetix Perps had its best quarter by volume traded, powering over $13 billion for the second consecutive quarter. The number of users also grew to its highest point since Optimism Quest attracted a rush of new addresses and new stakers grew as trading fees increased. October 23 was the highest volume day in the quarter, with nearly $500 million traded.
SNX stakers earned record fees in Q4’23, raking in over $10 million in the quarter. Over 95% of the fees came from the Synthetix Optimism deployment. Stakers were paid an average 5.5% APY (assuming daily compounding and maintaining a 500% collateral ratio) from trading fees in the quarter. Trading fees are not paid as a dividend but rather by burning sUSD, which reduces debt for stakers. Despite over $10 million in debt burned, the debt pool grew by 50% QoQ as SNX price nearly doubled, enabling stakers to take out more debt.
The first year of Synthetix Perps V2 has been a successful proof of concept for the design. A key feature of the design empowers market makers to collect the spread created by takers buying or selling against LP collateral (staked SNX). This design keeps LP exposure near zero (though certainly not risk free). However, instead of collecting spread, LPs collect fees on increased volumes (the initial trade and the market maker) and have significantly reduced exposure to trader’s directional preference. That said, the design has scaled even as open interest (OI) surpassed $200 million.
SNX rewards paid to stakers must be escrowed for at least one year (though they can be staked during that time). After SIP-2043 passed the first week of December, SNX no longer offers inflation rewards to stakers, ending SNX inflation. The rewards paid to stakers in 2023 will at most lead to a 6.13% increase in circulating supply in 2024. With the launch of Andromeda on Base, fees from that deployment will go to burning SNX. In other words, the net inflation will almost certainly be less than 6.13%.
Andromeda on Base
Oracle Integrations and Multi-Chain Trading
Infinex launches on December 22
Synthetix closed out a breakout year for its Perps product with an exciting launch into 2024. Perps had a full quarter of strong volumes with no incentives, while LPs maintained profitability and minimal exposure to user market preference. The end of inflation marks an important change in the narrative for Synthetix, as investors and stakers can shift their focus to usage and trading fees. The Andromeda launch on Base is a key testing ground to determine the future of Synthetix: V3 architecture gets its first test; Perps V3 begins; and a new tokenomic design experiment is launched. Synthetix continues to rank among the top perp DEXs by volume, but the competition is strong and growing. Execution and the outcome of launches like Andromeda and Infinex will likely determine the future success of the protocol.
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Before joining Messari as a Senior Research Analyst, John worked in Equity Derivatives on the buy-side and sell-side for over five years. He studied macroeconomics and markets for almost a decade. Now, John spends time thinking about token design, DeFi protocols, and governance.
About the author
Before joining Messari as a Senior Research Analyst, John worked in Equity Derivatives on the buy-side and sell-side for over five years. He studied macroeconomics and markets for almost a decade. Now, John spends time thinking about token design, DeFi protocols, and governance.